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Cardiomyopathy and Heart Failure

Cardiomyopathy refers to a group of diseases affecting the heart muscle, impairing its ability to pump blood efficiently. This condition can lead to complications, including heart failure, and requires careful diagnosis and management.

Cardiomyopathy can be caused by inherited factors or acquired conditions, including high blood pressure, heart attacks, viral infections, alcohol abuse, and certain medications. There are several types of cardiomyopathy, each with distinct characteristics:  

  • Dilated cardiomyopathy: This is the most common type, where the heart chambers enlarge and weaken, which can lead to heart failure. 
  • Ischemic cardiomyopathy: A type of cardiomyopathy caused by inadequate blood supply to the heart muscle, caused by blockage of the blood vessels of the heart. 
  • Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: In this type, the heart muscle becomes abnormally thick, potentially obstructing blood flow. 
  • Restrictive cardiomyopathy: Involves a stiffening of the heart muscle, making it less flexible. It is more common in older adults. 

Common symptoms of all forms of cardiomyopathy include shortness of breath, fatigue, and swelling of the legs, ankles, and feet.

The diagnosis of cardiomyopathy typically involves several methods, including a physical examination, imaging tests such as echocardiograms and MRIs, and electrocardiograms (ECG), as well as cardiac catheterization. In some cases, genetic testing may also be performed.

The primary goal of treatment is to manage symptoms and prevent complications. Treatment options may include:  

  • Medications aimed to improve heart function. 
  • Implantable devices like pacemakers and defibrillators to help regulate heart rhythm.
  • Surgery may be necessary in some cases, including valve repair surgery or mechanical circulatory support (heart pumps) for severe instances of cardiomyopathy. Also, catheter-based treatment options can be performed. 

Cardiac Surgery

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Heart and Vascular Center
The Karolinska Heart and Vascular Center offers world-class cardiovascular care and has extensive experience with ground-breaking research and procedures.