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Endometrial Cancer

Endometrial cancer, which begins in the lining of the uterus, is often detected early due to its symptoms, such as abnormal bleeding. It typically has a favorable prognosis because it is frequently diagnosed before it spreads. The disease predominantly affects older women with multiple health conditions, but obesity is a notable risk factor that can also impact younger women.

Endometrial cancer originates in the endometrium, the lining of the uterus, and is one of the most common gynecological cancers. It often presents with early symptoms, such as abnormal uterine bleeding, which facilitates early detection and generally results in a favorable prognosis. The disease primarily impacts older women, particularly those with other health conditions, necessitating personalized treatment plans based on each patient's overall health and tolerance.

Obesity is a significant risk factor for endometrial cancer and can contribute to its development even in younger women. Effective management of endometrial cancer often involves a combination of surgery, radiation, and hormone therapy, with treatment strategies tailored to individual patient needs to optimize outcomes and quality of life.
 
 

The most common symptoms of early-stage endometrial cancer include:

  • Postmenopausal bleeding: This is the most frequent symptom, occurring in approximately 90–95% of women with endometrial cancer.
  • New onset of heavy or irregular menstruation: In premenopausal or perimenopausal women, abnormal bleeding that does not respond to standard treatment may indicate endometrial cancer.
  • Abnormal discharge: In peri- or postmenopausal women, unusual discharge without an obvious cause can be a symptom.
  • Pyometra/Hematometra: Accumulation of pus or blood in the uterus, respectively, can also be a sign.

If you experience any of these symptoms, it is important to consult a healthcare professional for evaluation.

Recommendations for Histologically Confirmed Endometrial Cancer

  • Transvaginal Ultrasound: Perform a transvaginal ultrasound to evaluate local tumor spread.
  • MRI: If needed, conduct an MRI for a more detailed assessment of the tumor's local extent.
  • CT Scan: Perform a CT scan of the chest and abdomen to assess for potential metastasis.

These imaging studies are essential for accurate staging and treatment planning.

The primary treatment for endometrial cancer is usually surgery, which should be performed by an experienced gynecological oncologist. The procedure should ideally be minimally invasive and involve the removal of the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries. Fertility-preserving treatments and ovarian preservation can be considered in selected cases. Most patients with endometrial cancer are effectively treated with surgery, but those with metastatic disease or certain risk factors may require postoperative treatment, which typically consists of chemotherapy.

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